The investor's glossary: the terms that matter when you find your own deals.

The words that come up when you pull your own lists, call owners, and price a house. A to Z, one line each.

Last updated September 2026.

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1031 exchange
Sell one investment property and put the money into another without paying the capital gains tax yet.
1% rule
A quick screen on a rental: monthly rent of at least one percent of the purchase price.
70% rule
A flipper's ceiling: pay no more than seventy percent of the after repair value, less the rehab.

A

Absentee owner
The owner's mailing address is somewhere other than the house. Often a landlord who lives out of the area.
Acquisition cost
Everything it takes to buy the house: the price, closing costs, inspections, and loan fees.
After repair value (ARV)
What the house is worth once the work is finished. Every offer on a flip works back from it.
Appraisal
A licensed opinion of value, ordered by the lender before it will fund a loan.
Assignment
Selling your purchase contract to another buyer instead of closing on the house yourself.
Assumable loan
A mortgage the buyer can take over from the seller, keeping the rate that was written years ago.

B

Bird dog
Someone who finds properties for an investor and gets paid for the lead.
BRRRR
Buy, rehab, rent, refinance, repeat. The refinance pulls your cash back out so you can buy the next one.
Broker price opinion (BPO)
An agent's written opinion of what a property is worth. Faster and cheaper than an appraisal.
Buy and hold
Buying a property to keep and rent out rather than to resell.
Buy box
Your written rules for what you will buy: market, price, condition, and the return you need.

C

Cap rate
Net operating income divided by the price. What a building earns before financing.
Capital gains tax
Tax on the profit when you sell an investment property.
Cash buyer
An investor who buys without a loan. The people wholesalers sell their contracts to.
Cash flow
What is left of the rent after the loan, taxes, insurance, and repairs are paid.
Cash on cash return
A year of cash flow measured against the cash you put in.
Closing costs
The fees that land on both sides at closing: title, escrow, recording, and lender charges.
Comps
Recent sales of similar houses nearby. The starting point for pricing an offer.
Contingency
A condition in the contract that lets the buyer walk away, like an inspection or a financing clause.
Creative financing
Buying without a bank: seller financing, subject to, or a lease option.

D

Days on market
How long a listing has sat for sale. A long run is a seller with a reason to talk.
Deal pipeline
The board your live deals move across, from first contact to closed.
Debt service coverage ratio (DSCR)
The income a property produces, measured against its loan payment. Some lenders use it in place of your pay stubs.
Distressed property
A house in trouble: behind on the payments, damaged, or sitting empty.
Do not call (DNC)
A number on the national registry. Skip traced numbers come back flagged, so you know before you dial.
Double close
Two closings on the same day: you buy from the seller, then sell to your own buyer.
Driving for dollars
Driving a neighborhood looking for houses that show neglect, then finding out who owns them.
Due diligence
The window to inspect the house, check the title, and price the work before you are committed.

E

Earnest money
The deposit that tells a seller you mean it. It goes toward the purchase at closing.
Equity
The part of the house the owner owns outright: what it is worth, less what is owed on it.
Escrow
A neutral third party holding the money and the paperwork until a sale closes.
Exit strategy
How you get your money back out: resell, rent, refinance, or assign the contract.

F

Fair market value
What a house would sell for on the open market with neither side under pressure.
Flipping
Buying a house, fixing it, and reselling it for a profit.
Foreclosure
The legal process a lender uses to take a property back after the payments stop.
Free and clear
The owner holds the house with no mortgage on it. Every dollar of a sale price is theirs.
FSBO (for sale by owner)
A house the owner is selling without an agent.

G

General contractor
The person running the rehab. Their price and their schedule decide whether a flip works.
Gross rent multiplier (GRM)
The price divided by a year of gross rent. A fast screen before you do the real math.

H

Hard money
A short term loan from a private lender, priced on the deal rather than on your credit.
High equity
The owner has paid most of the house off, so there is room in the price for an offer to work.
Holding costs
What a house costs you every month you own it: loan, taxes, insurance, utilities, and upkeep.
House hacking
Living in one unit of a property and renting the rest to cover the payment.

I

Inherited
The house passed to heirs. Many of them live elsewhere and never planned to own it.
Investor buyer
An owner who bought the property as an investment rather than to live in.

J

Judgment
A court ruling that the owner owes a debt, recorded against the property.

L

Lead list
A saved set of properties you work: skip trace the owners, call them, and track what happened.
Lien
A claim against a property for an unpaid debt. It has to be cleared before the title can pass clean.
Lis pendens
A public notice that a lawsuit touching the property has been filed. Often the first sign of a foreclosure.
List stacking
Combining lists so the owners who turn up on more than one rise to the top.
Loan to value (LTV)
The loan balance measured against what the property is worth.

M

MAO (maximum allowable offer)
The most you can pay and still hit your number. Work back from the after repair value and the rehab.
MLS
The listing service agents use. Anything on it is on market, and priced that way.
Mortgage
The loan secured by the property. When it stops being paid, the lender can foreclose.
Motivated seller
An owner with a reason to sell sooner than they planned. Every list you build is aimed at them.

N

Nest Leads
The Invest Nest's 21+ motivated seller indicators, switched on inside property search.
Net operating income (NOI)
Rent less the operating expenses, before the mortgage payment.

O

Off-market
A property that is not listed for sale. Where the deals with room in them live.
Out of state owner
The owner lives in another state. Distance makes a house easier to let go of.
Owner occupied
The owner is living in the house rather than renting it out. The opposite of absentee.

P

Pre-Foreclosure
The owner is behind on the mortgage and the lender has started the process, but the house has not been taken yet.
Pre-Probate
The owner has died and the estate has not been settled. Heirs often want the house sold.
Private lender
An individual or a small firm lending their own money on real estate.
Proof of funds
A letter or a statement that shows a seller you can close.
Purchase agreement
The contract that sets the price, the terms, and the date.

Q

Quitclaim deed
A deed that hands over whatever interest the seller has, with no promise the title is clean.

R

Refinance
Replacing the loan on a property with a new one, sometimes taking cash out on the way.
Rehab
The work a house needs before it sells or rents. Every offer is built on that number.
Rent roll
The list of units, who is in them, and what each one pays.
REO (real estate owned)
A house the lender took back at foreclosure and now holds on its own books.
Return on investment (ROI)
What you made, measured against what you put in.

S

Seller financing
The seller carries the loan and you pay them instead of a bank.
Skip tracing
Finding the owner's phone number, email, mailing address, and linked properties from the property record.
Subject to
Buying the house and leaving the seller's existing mortgage in place.

T

Tax delinquent
The owner has stopped paying the property taxes, which is often the first thing to slip.
Tax Liens
A claim the government records against a property when the taxes go unpaid.
Title
Legal ownership of the property, and the record of everyone with a claim on it.
Title search
The check that turns up the liens, the judgments, and the heirs before you close.
Trust owned
The property is held by a trust rather than by a person.
Turnkey
A rental sold already fixed up, and in most cases already rented.

U

Under contract
A signed purchase agreement that has not closed yet. The clock is running.

V

Vacancy rate
The share of your units sitting empty over a year.
Vacant
Nobody is living in the house. One of the strongest signals that an owner is ready to deal.

W

Wholesaling
Putting a house under contract and selling that contract to another investor for a fee.
Wholetail
A light cleanup, then a sale on the open market. It sits between a wholesale and a full flip.
Wraparound mortgage
A second loan from the seller that wraps around the one already on the house.

Z

Zoning
What the local government lets you build or do on the lot.

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Where these words live in The Invest Nest.

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